The curriculum currently in place for Reception is called 'Early Years Foundation Stage and supported by a document called 'development matters'. Learning is largely based in play and real life experiences rather than formal 'schooling' in reception. A new EYFS has just been released and will be implemented in September 2012 - to be honest not much has changed in content but they have rearranged it from 6 strands into 7 and jammed some of the outcomes together
You can find all the documents
hereThe current government favours synthetic phonic teaching
http://www.letters-and-sounds.com/what-is-letters-and-sounds.html. This is not the only part of reading - knowing words that can't be sounded out on sight, using pictures as clues, reading for meaning / what makes sense etc are all important as well.
TBH, reading high quality books and talking to your LO about things you see and do each day are the best way to go. Cooking, counting out fruit or veg or looking at signs and prices when shopping, counting out blocks are they are played with, looking at numbers on buses, talking about why things happen, pouring, touching, painting - all the things you are probably doing already.
If you want to be more structured you could set up a bit of a loose routine of what happens at different times of the day (reading time, art time, cooking, trips out to museums etc) but you can achieve just as much by being guided by what your LO wants to do and playing along side while asking 'pondering' questions eg: 'Hmm, I wonder what would happen if...., What do you think will happen next? How will I work out how much flour to put in?' etc etc.
HTH a little bit